TOAST classification of stroke | STROKE MANUAL
Dec 17, 2025 · TOAST is a system for classifying ischemic stroke subtypes based on etiology. It utilizes clinical features and data from brain, vascular, and cardiac imaging, as well as laboratory testing.
This study found that ischemic stroke subtype diagnoses based on the TOAST classification system and entered into the electronic medical record and the GWTG-Stroke were often inaccurate when …
The TOAST classification system includes five cate-gories: 1) large-artery atherosclerosis, 2) cardioembo-lism, 3) small-artery occlusion (lacune), 4) stroke of other determined etiology, and 5) …
TOAST Classification of Acute Ischemic Stroke - mdicu.com
The theory of large and small vessel disease proposed by this classification method plays an important role in the study of the pathogenesis of cerebral infarction. According to clinical characteristics and …
Rationale Symptomatic intracranial atherosclerotic arterial stenosis (s-ICAS) is one of the most common causes of stroke worldwide, responsible for 10%–50% of strokes depending on racial and ethnic …
SSS-TOAST classification | STROKE MANUAL
Feb 10, 2025 · evidence of near-occlusive stenosis or non-chronic total occlusion, determined to result from atherosclerosis, in relevant extra-/intracranial arteries (excluding the vertebral arteries) the …
Intracranial large artery atherosclerosis: Treatment and prognosis
May 16, 2025 · INTRODUCTION Atherosclerotic stenosis of the major intracranial arteries, also known as intracranial atherosclerosis (ICAS) or cerebral atherosclerosis, is an important cause of ischemic …
Etiologic classification of ischemic stroke - STROKE-MANUAL
Apr 14, 2025 · Vascular imaging vascular imaging is used to detect stenosis or occlusion and assess probable etiology (atherosclerosis, dissection, FMD, etc.) in acute stroke patients, standard baseline …
ABSTRACT: This comprehensive literature review focuses on acute stroke related to intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis (ICAS), with an emphasis on ICAS-large vessel occlusion. ICAS is the …
Acute ischemic stroke can be categorized into five sub-types depending on the cause, as described by the TOAST investigators (Adams 1993). These subtypes are large- artery atherosclerosis, …
Secondary Prevention of Ischemic Stroke: Updated Guidelines From AHA/ASA
The TOAST (Trial of Org 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment) classification scheme groups ischemic strokes into lacunar or nonlacunar subtypes.